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-1 Byzantine style Byzantine art style started with Christian philosophy and belongs to the early Christian culture. Byzantium is completely under the authority of the church and is controlled by it. Fascinating colors in a primitive form and spirituality in art are the main goals of artists of this style in this period. It was during this period that the decorative elements of eastern art entered western architecture. Mosaic art was created and Roman temples became churches. Examples are the Basilica and the Pantheon. The most important work of the Byzantine style is the Church of Santa Sofia in Turkey, which we know today as the Hagia Sophia Mosque. Wall painting, illustration for religious books and mosaic work were common arts in this era.
2- Romanesque style The Romanesque style is an intermediate art, in the sense that it is a continuation of Byzantine art on the one hand and the beginning of Gothic art on the other hand. During this period, the church is still powerful and all artists work under the supervision of religion. During the Romanesque style, the churches had wonderful decorations and had fresco paintings, mosaics and Roman arches. Saint Michel Church in Germany and Pisa Church in Italy are examples of outstanding works of this era. The Romanesque style of architecture is based on the difference between the exterior and interior. This is compensated in Gothic and the exterior is harmonized with the interior and its decorations.
3- Gothic style Between the 12th and 16th centuries, the Gothic style of architecture continued. A style that caused changes in art. During this period, the interior and exterior decorations of the churches were changed, the height of the ceilings increased and high arches were added to the architecture. Salisbury Cathedral in England and Notre Dame Cathedral in France. The term Gothic painting usually conjures up church painting in the 14th and 15th centuries AD, which has clear characteristics such as flat perspective, bright colors, the use of thin gold sheets, and most importantly dealing with religious subjects such as Divine faces with a golden halo around their heads. It was during this period that artists were a little freed from the domination of the church and created images that were a little freer than before. These paintings showed scenes and characters from the New Testament, especially the crucifixion of Christ and Mary.
4- Renaissance style The Renaissance style begins in Italy in the 15th century. The 16th century was also the peak period of art and the peak period of artistic developments in the Renaissance period. In this period, people paid attention to the great culture of their past and tried to revive it. The developments that started in Florence, Italy and gradually spread, started from this period. Reviving the culture of the past and paying attention to the greatness of the past was formed by reviving the goddesses of ancient Greece and Rome in art and paying attention to the beauty of the people in this period. Roman architecture was revived. The spread of the philosophy of humanism that was born in Greece, the separation of Italian architects from the foreign Gothic style and the revival of Roman architecture can be seen in this period. Rochai Palace and St. Andre’s Church are important works of this period in Italy. Famous artists came to work in this period, including Raphael, Donatello, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Masaccio and Frafilippolipi were considered the most prominent artists of this period.
5- Baroque style The art of the 17th century and the first half of the 18th century belongs to Baroque. Avoiding straight lines, using a lot of decorations and luxury in architecture, using golden color, carpentry, ceiling paintings, and a lot of luxury even on carriages are among the developments of the Baroque period. Baroque painting is one of the richest and most complete phenomena of the 17th century. In baroque painting, the lines around the objects are removed and faded lines are used instead. The arrangement and composition of the internal elements of the paintings of this period are varied. The famous artists of this period are: Rembrandt, El Greco, Tiepolo, Rubens, Bernini, Nicolas Poussin, Annibale Caracci and Caravaggio.
6- Rococo Rococo style The meaning of the word rococo is pebble. Paying attention to details and insight is one of the developments of the artists of this period. In fact, the Rococo style was a short-lived style that emerged to counter and oppose the Baroque style. This style was more popular in England and France. Antoine Watteau, Jean Chardin, William Horgarth and Lady Graham Sharif were among the artists of this style.
7- Romantic style Romantic style that reveals new patterns of existence. The artist creates works in response to the issues around him and they find an independent identity in society, he has a passive identity against the events around him. This style can be seen as the beginning of the struggle against the limitations of art, thoughts, concepts and perception. France was the initiator of this style and promoted it to the whole world. Jericho, Goya, Constable, Turner and Camille Coro were among the artists of this period.
8- Realism style The style of realism is to tell the facts without considering emotions and feelings. Gustave Courbet is the initiator of realism style. The artists of this period created everything that was in the world without any reduction and caste, and the representation of nature is without selection, correction and make-up. Francois Mila is also one of the other artists of this art style.
9- Impressionism This artistic style was the great development that took place after Romanticism and created the second artistic revolt against artistic frameworks and suffocation. This transformation was created from the painting Impression (Sunrise) by Monet. The basis of the work of impressions was based on playing with light and changing colors in different light conditions. Recording a moment of the subject and their opinion that colors change at different times of the day, created works that areThey were brilliant and at the same time obscure. Lautrec, Degas, Gauguin, Van Gogh, Seurat and Signac were famous artists of this style.
10- Neo-impressionism This artistic style originated from and followed the Impressionist style, but gradually separated from it and became an independent style. Impressionist painters each had a new and fresh idea about painting, and this caused the emergence of subsequent styles and the courage of artists in presenting their new ideas. Gauguin and Van Gogh were also artists who benefited from this artistic style.
11-Symbolism Gauguin, an impressionist painter, presented a number of symbolic and symbolic paintings from Haiti, which inspired other painters, and thus the art movement of symbolism or symbolism was formed. This style was not accessible to everyone, and its motto was art for art’s sake. That is, works that are beyond the understanding of the general public and only artists can reach a basic understanding of this issue. Matisse, Marche, Rouault and Henri Rousseau are prominent artists of this art style.
12- Fauvism Fu means wild. The artists of this style used colors with harsh and brutal ingredients and against the taste of the people at that time. Creating black and simple lines around objects, as well as using decorative elements in stained glass, is a characteristic of this artistic style. The names of this style were Matisse, Marche, Ferris, Andre Deren and Vlaminck.
13-Cubism The founder and father of Cubism is Cézanne. Picasso became the founder of this style with the work of the Maidens of Avignon. Eliminating a fixed point of view, geometric analysis of space and shape, volume and limiting colors, flat colors and selection of a color source in the whole work and geometric cuts are other characteristics of this art style. Fernan Leje, Marcel Duchamp and Juan Gray are artists of this style and following Picasso.
14- Futurism Futurism was considered a literary style at first, but later it was extended to other areas of art. The artists of this style wanted to express today’s life, which is bound by iron, steel, brutality and crazy speed, so that they could present it in an artistic way. This movement declined with the end of World War I. Boccioni, Cara, Sorini and Marinetti were painters of this art style.
15-Expressionism Van Gogh was the father and founder of the expressionism style, he is a clear example of this rich artistic style. which the artists used to display their inner emotions and disturbances. Examples of the works of Kokoshka, Emil Nolde, Kirchner and Munesh are other artists of this style. Simplified shapes and emotional expression through contrast are the characteristics of artists of this style.
16- Surrealism Surrealism or hyperrealism, which is another name for this art style, is a combination of unreal works with real elements. In a way, it tells the illusions of the artist’s mind. Salvador Dali, René Magritte, Giacometti and Chagall were artists of this style. which Sibili had added on the face of Mona Lisa. Tzara, Hogobal, Arp and Picabia were among the artists of this field.
17-Abstract style Abstract literally means dumb, vague and blurred. Abstract art style is a style that means abstraction. Abstract or abstract art, which has no natural form in the world that can be identified in this way, only uses unnatural and allegorical colors and forms to express its concepts. This term is usually used in contrast to figurative art. The works of the artists of this field did not resemble reality and broke all established and old traditions. Mondrian, Stella, Kandinsky and Smith are among the artists of this period. Abstract art is based on form and color and has no specific subject.
18- Constructivism Constructivism Contractionism means volumetric structuralism, but it is also used in the field of painting and it consists of combining the form of buildings and volumetric structures next to each other. The artists of this style used new materials such as metal sheet, plastic and wire in their works. In this way, emotion and feeling have a secondary role. Naum Gabo, Vladimir Tatlin and Poster were among the artists named after this art style.
19-Pop Art Pop Art Popular art or pop art was an art movement that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s in England and America. This style is an intellectual style that takes a critical look. The main tools of the artists of this style are popular culture, mass production, environmental or television advertising, packaging, and in general everything that people saw most, from the arrangement of 100 canned soup cans to the seriography of the Mona Lisa portrait and works of this kind, which are considered a kind of collage. . Paolo Lozzi and Hamilton are the founders of this art.
